Long before there were energy drinks, caffeine tablets and food supplements with energising ingredients, our ancestors knew about the stimulating and strengthening effects of some plant species such as cocoa, mate and guarana. The common feature is a biochemical substance called 1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-purindione - better known as caffeine. In the plant it performs the function of an insecticide, as it stuns or kills insects that nibble the leaves of the plant. But one man´s pain is another man´s pleasure: while this phytochemical means the end of the world for an insect, caffeine gives many of us life and is the reason we are able to start the day feeling awake.

Why does caffeine wake us up?

Caffeine affects the central nervous system, which is why it is also referred to as a psychoactive substance. It has a similar chemical structure as the chemical messenger adenosine. When adenosine is released, it signals fatigue to the body by docking to certain receptors in the brain. Adenosine also inhibits the release of dopamine and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which have stimulating effects. As caffeine docks to the adenosine receptors, adenosine can no longer bind to them, the feeling of tiredness decreases, and dopamine and norepinephrine can exert their stimulating effect. [1]

In addition, caffeine raises our pulse and blood pressure, stimulates intestinal peristalsis, and leads to bronchial dilatation. All in all, caffeine makes you feel awake, mentally focused, and concentrated. [2]

Who discovered caffeine?

We owe the discovery of caffeine to none other than Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the famous German poet. He suggested to analyse the composition of coffee beans because he suspected they contained an antidote to atropine. Although this could not be confirmed, the German chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge succeeded in isolating caffeine from the beans in 1819. The secret of the stimulating effect of the popular beverage coffee was thus revealed.

In addition to coffee, there are of course other caffeine-providing drinks and foods. The best known are green tea, which comes from China and is the second most popular drink in the world after water; maté tea, which has its origins in South America and was already used by the indigenous peoples; and guarana, whose seeds are now commonly used to produce energy drinks or powders for food supplements. Chocolate also contains small amounts of caffeine and was sold in pharmacies as a tonic until the early 19th century.

Nevertheless, coffee is the most popular beverage worldwide when it comes to caffeine intake – even if that´s not the case for the UK, where tea consumption outnumbers coffee consumption by over 2 to 1!

Not all caffeine is created equally

Although caffeine has a stimulating effect in our body no matter what source it comes from, not all caffeine is the same: in coffee beans it is bound in a chlorogenic acid-potassium complex and is released as soon as it comes into contact with stomach acid. This leads to a rapid, but short-term effect. On the other hand, green tea and guarana contain caffeine bound to specific phytochemicals called polyphenols. As a result, the release takes place a bit later – in the intestine, to be precise - but the energizing effect also generally lasts much longer. In fact, the stimulating effect of guarana lasts - depending on the amount ingested - up to six hours!

Our Energy Bio Complex: A Natural Energy Booster

A total of over 60 different plants are known to contain caffeine.

We asked ourselves "Why resort to synthetic caffeine or sugar-rich energy drinks when you can choose a natural alternative?" and so developed our Energy Bio Complex: Our new product contains a combination of different caffeine-providing plants as well as natural vitamin B12 from shiitake mushroom.

So, what exactly did we put in our product?

• Green Tea Extract: There have been numerous studies on the health-promoting properties of green tea, particularly the epigallocatechin gallates (EGCG). These are the subject of many studies that support their antioxidative and antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, green tea has a positive influence on cognitive performance, which is also due to the caffeine it contains. [3]
• Guarana Extract: The seeds of the guarana plant contain 2-8% caffeine - about four times as much as coffee beans! But it is not only an important source of caffeine in our Energy Bio Complex, it also contains other valuable bioactive ingredients such as theophylline and theobromine. Guarana thus not only affects cognitive and mental performance, but also counteracts high blood pressure and promotes fat burning. [4]
• Mate Extract: Mate is traditionally prepared in South America to make a tea and has been appreciated for thousands of years by indigenous peoples not only as an infusion drink but also as a medicinal remedy. Due to the caffeine it contains, it also contributes to mental performance and helps to improve alertness and mental focus. [5]
• Ginseng Extract: Ginseng is a medicinal plant that has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. Among other things, it is used to manage weakness and fatigue. The best-known bioactive compounds found in the roots are the so-called ginsenosides, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Ginseng also has adaptogenic properties, which means that it supports our ability to cope with stress and thus counteracts mental exhaustion. [6]
• Shiitake Extract: In TCM, shiitake is considered a medicinal mushroom and is associated with immune system-regulating effects. [7] Vitamin B12 contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue as well as to a normal energy metabolism and therefore makes the perfect addition to our herbal energy booster. [8]

Whether to start the day wide awake, to overcome the midday slump or to fight through a night of preparing for an exam: Caffeine gives us the energy boost we sometimes need. However, it is not only the amount that is important, but also the source of caffeine. In order to avoid added sugars and artificial additives and still benefit from the invigorating effect of caffeine, our Bio Energy Complex is the ideal alternative to coffee and energy drinks.

Sources
[1] Harris et al., The Effects of Caffeine and Aspirin on Mood and Performance. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. (1987)
[2] European Food Safety Authority, EFSA explains caffeine. (2017)
[3] Sinija et al., Green tea: Health benefits. Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine. (2008)
[4] Schimpl et al., Guarana: Revisiting a highly caffeinated plant from the Amazon. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. (2013)
[5] Gan et al., Health benefits of bioactive compounds from the genus ilex, a source of traditional caffeinated beverages. Nutrients. (2018)
[6] Arring et al., Ginseng as a treatment for fatigue: A systematic review. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. (2018)
[7] Dai et al., Consuming Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) Mushrooms Daily Improves Human Immunity: A Randomized Dietary Intervention in Healthy Young Adults. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. (2015)
[8] European Food Safety Authority, Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin B12 (…). EFSA Journal. (2010)